Model development for flash boiling spray and validations with isooctane, hexane, ethanol and their binary mixtures

The main objective of this study is to develop a comprehensive model for spray atomization under the consideration flash boiling, which includes nucleation, bubble growth, and droplet breakup. Although boiling has been previously studied, there still no well-established analytical numerical their mechanisms, or general guidelines on implementation strategy. In study, detailed formulations are elaborated unified both non-flash conditions. Next, was implemented into CFD software 3-D simulations were performed validations. Two fuel blends tested: ethanol-isooctane hexane-isooctane blends. Simulation results compared with experimental measurements conducted using two methodologies, DBI (Diffuse Backlight Imaging) system images captured by high-speed camera, PDA (Phase Doppler Anemometry) size measurement during injection process. It found that current can accurately capture characteristics different environment conditions, such as plume interactions liquid penetration. averaged Sauter mean diameter (SMD) calculations match sufficiently well. structures single- multi-component fuels process well represented model.